Bizaklik Thousand-Buddha Caves
  The Bizaklik Thousand-Buddha Caves, 48 kilometers northeast of the Turpan urban area,
are located in the Flaming Mountains' Mutou Valley.They were called the Ningrong Grottoes
in the Tang dynasty. There are 77 numbered grottoes, about 40 of which still have murals in
them.The group of grottoes in Bizaklik, with a total of 1,200 square meters of murals, has 
the most grottoes, most diversified architectural styles and the richest mural content in
the Turpan area. The oldest grottoes were hewn in the period of Qushi Gaochang from the Tang
dynasty right up to the Yuan dynasty in the thirteenth century. It was an important Buddhist gathering place. Its most
prosperous period was under the reign of the Xizhou Huigu government, which was built the royal temple of the King of
existing grottoes were extended or reconstructed during the Huigu period.Huigu on this site. Most of the Even today,
one can still see on the remaining Buddhist murals the features of the King and Queen of Huigu and people of different
status, as well as scenes of the lives of ancient Uygur people. Inscriptions in the ancient Huigu, Chinese and Brahmi
languages are valuable materials for research on the written languages and history of Xinjiang's various nationalities,
and Uygur in particular.The murals depicting "Buddhist disciples wailing in mourning" and "Bhikku wailing in mourning"
on the back wall of the Grotto No.33 are rare artistic pieces which depict the inner feelings of the figures with vivid
images and individual characteristics. The ancient instruments shown in the mural depicting "Female Dancers on Performance"
in Grotto No.16 and the mural of "Transformation in the Hell" in Grotto No.17 are seldom seen in Buddhist grottoes in
China

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